These controversies regarding the relationships among citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs may be due to the ways that OCBs are measured. In the literature, OCBs have typically been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are unable to discover the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4