Abstract Anti-vaccine trolling on video-hosting websites hinders efforts to increase vaccination rates by using toxic language and threatening claims to intimidate people and promote vaccine hesitancy. However. there is a shortage of research investigating the effects of toxic messages on these platforms. This study focused on YouTube anti-vaccine videos and examined the relationship ... https://safeersappliancers.shop/product-category/siemens-ka92nlb35g-iq700-frost-free-american-fridge-freezer-black-glass/